Population
166,731
2025
+2.3% since 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. Resident population, July 1 estimate.
Olmsted County, MN: population growth, jobs and income
Olmsted County gained 954 residents between 2024 and 2025 (+0.6%).
Olmsted County had an estimated 166,731 residents in 2025, up 2.3% (3,676 more people) since 2020. That is faster than Minnesota as a whole (+2.1%), and the 26th fastest growth of 87 counties in Minnesota.
Data as of 2025 · updated
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In the Olmsted County report
One-time $99 PDF: everything on this page for Olmsted County, ranked against Minnesota and the U.S., plus these figures that are not on the free page:
- Median gross rent$1,370/mo2020–24
- Vacant homes, incl. seasonal and second homes5.9%2020–24
- New homes permitted, last 12 months1,8562025-10/2026-09
- Rent growth, 5 yearsIn the report
- Permits in 5+ unit buildingsIn the report
- IRS income moving in (net AGI)In the report
- Neighbouring-county comparison tableIn the report
What's inside: 5 pages
- 1 Summary, headline numbers and ranks (free preview)
- 2 Ranks and the neighbouring-county table
- 3 Migration, with IRS mover and income flows
- 4 Rent, vacant homes, permits and employers
- 5 Every source and the methods
Headline numbers
Net domestic migration
−153
2025
−0.9 per 1,000 residents
−2,461 in total, 2021–2025
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. People moving in from other U.S. counties minus people moving out.
Unemployment rate
3.1%
2025
+0.4 pts since 2019
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, 2025. Annual average unemployment rate.
New homes permitted
542
2025
−38.0% since 2021
3.3 per 1,000 residents
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2025. Housing units authorized by building permits in the year.
Median household income
$95,406
2020–24
+18.7% since 2016–20
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–24. American Community Survey 5-year estimate.
Private-sector employment
107,285
2023
+9.4% since 2018
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023. Paid employees of private employers in mid-March (County Business Patterns).
What the numbers say
Net domestic migration was negative in 2025: 153 more people moved out to other U.S. counties than moved in.
Private employers had 107,285 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +9.4% since 2018 (County Business Patterns).
Unemployment averaged 3.1% in 2025, 0.4 points higher than in 2019 (before the pandemic).
Builders were authorized to start 542 new homes in 2025, or 3.3 per 1,000 residents.
Median household income was $95,406 in the 2020–24 American Community Survey, +18.7% since 2016–20.
Across the 3,107 U.S. counties with a comparable estimate, its population growth ranks 1,200th.
Part of the Rochester, MN metro area.
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Olmsted County population by year
| Year | Population | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 166,731 | +954 |
| 2024 | 165,777 | +936 |
| 2023 | 164,841 | +933 |
| 2022 | 163,908 | +191 |
| 2021 | 163,717 | +662 |
| 2020 | 163,055 | – |
Census Bureau population estimates, July 1 of each year.
What drove the change in Olmsted County
Olmsted County grew by 3,676 people since 2020 even though 2,461 more residents moved to other U.S. counties than came from them: births outnumbered deaths by 3,203, and net international migration added 2,875.
| Component | 2025 | 2020–25 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural changebirths minus deaths | +653 | +3,203 | |
| International migrationfrom and to other countries | +440 | +2,875 | |
| Domestic migrationfrom and to other U.S. counties | −153 | −2,461 | |
| Census adjustmentbalancing residual | +14 | +59 | |
| Total change | +954 | +3,676 |
Census Bureau population estimates, components of change, each year July 1 to June 30. The components add up to the change in the estimate; the Census adjustment is the small balancing figure the Bureau publishes.
How it ranks
| Measure | In Minnesota | Among U.S. counties |
|---|---|---|
| Population growth | 26th of 87 | 1,200th of 3,107 |
| Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents | 56th of 87 | 2,067th of 3,108 |
| Private-sector job growth | 10th of 87 | 745th of 3,092 |
| Median household income | 11th of 87 | 217th of 3,107 |
| Lowest unemployment rate | 2nd of 87 | 486th of 3,108 |
| New homes permitted per 1,000 residents | 37th of 87 | 1,037th of 3,005 |
1st = highest (lowest for unemployment). Counties are ranked only against others with a figure for the same period.
Get the county report — $99
The County Growth and Demographics Report for Olmsted County, MN as a PDF, from federal data: population and migration, housing and rents, permits, private employers and jobs, unemployment, ranks in the state and the country, and neighbouring counties, with a source next to every number. Pay once, no subscription.
Add 2 neighbouring counties for $50: the Winona County and Goodhue County reports too, $149 for all 3.
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Neighbouring counties
Olmsted County tied with Dodge County and Mower County for the fastest population growth among its neighbouring counties (+2.3%, 2020–25).
Only Dodge County had a higher median household income (2020–24) among its 6 neighbouring counties; Olmsted County's was $95,406.
| County | Population2025 | Population change2020–25 | Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents2025 | Homes permitted per 1,000 residents2025 | Median household income2020–24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olmsted County, MN This county | 166,731 | +2.3% | −0.9 | 3.3 | $95,406 |
| Wabasha County, MN | 21,537 | +0.7% | 0.6 | 2.4 | $82,007 |
| Fillmore County, MN | 21,540 | +1.4% | 3.6 | 2.7 | $77,512 |
| Dodge County, MN | 21,376 | +2.3% | −2.2 | 3.9 | $95,739 |
| Mower County, MN | 40,971 | +2.3% | 0.4 | 3.3 | $73,074 |
| Goodhue County, MN | 48,195 | +1.3% | 0.7 | 1.7 | $84,171 |
| Winona County, MN | 50,523 | +1.7% | 2.9 | 0.8 | $70,744 |
Census Bureau population estimates and building permits, American Community Survey 5-year income. Rates per 1,000 residents. – means no figure, or a base too small for a change or rate (it would swing on a few people). A figure from another period shows its year and is left out of the comparison.
Questions
Is Olmsted County growing?
Yes. Its population grew 2.3% between 2020 and 2025, about 3,676 more people (Census Bureau population estimates). Minnesota as a whole changed +2.1% over the same years. That ranks 26th of 87 counties in Minnesota for population growth.
How many people moved to Olmsted County?
On net, none in 2025: about 153 more people moved out to other U.S. counties than moved in (Census Bureau net domestic migration estimate).
What is the unemployment rate in Olmsted County?
It averaged 3.1% in 2025 (BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics, annual average).
What is the population of Olmsted County?
About 166,731 people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's population estimate for July 1, 2025.
How many jobs are in Olmsted County?
Private employers there had 107,285 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +9.4% since 2018 (Census Bureau County Business Patterns; government jobs and the self-employed are not counted).
What Beacon CRE covers in Minnesota
Map, parcel and listing layers cover North and South Carolina only for now. This page and the other Minnesota county pages carry the public federal growth figures.
Olmsted County data alerts
Email me when Olmsted County gets new Census numbers: population, building permits, jobs and income. About 4 emails a year, one click to stop.
Sources and method
- U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey
- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates
- U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns
Each number shows its own period. Changes compare the latest period with five years earlier (or the earliest period available). Beacon CRE last refreshed these figures on 2026-11-05. Figures come from public federal statistics and are informational only, not investment advice. Check the source before relying on a number. Methodology: how we compute every number. More on every layer: data sources and licences.
Jobs outside North and South Carolina use County Business Patterns (paid private-sector employees in mid-March); wages and government jobs are not included.