Population
34,413
2025
+11.3% since 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. Resident population, July 1 estimate.
Caroline County, VA: population growth, jobs and income
Caroline County gained 827 residents between 2024 and 2025 (+2.5%).
Caroline County had an estimated 34,413 residents in 2025, up 11.3% (3,491 more people) since 2020. That is faster than Virginia as a whole (+2.8%), and the 4th fastest growth of 133 counties in Virginia.
Data as of 2025 · updated
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In the Caroline County report
One-time $99 PDF: everything on this page for Caroline County, ranked against Virginia and the U.S., plus these figures that are not on the free page:
- Median gross rent$1,293/mo2020–24
- Vacant homes, incl. seasonal and second homes7.2%2020–24
- New homes permitted, last 12 months2712025-10/2026-09
- Rent growth, 5 yearsIn the report
- Permits in 5+ unit buildingsIn the report
- IRS income moving in (net AGI)In the report
- Neighbouring-county comparison tableIn the report
What's inside: 5 pages
- 1 Summary, headline numbers and ranks (free preview)
- 2 Ranks and the neighbouring-county table
- 3 Migration, with IRS mover and income flows
- 4 Rent, vacant homes, permits and employers
- 5 Every source and the methods
Headline numbers
Net domestic migration
+753
2025
21.9 per 1,000 residents
+3,111 in total, 2021–2025
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. People moving in from other U.S. counties minus people moving out.
Unemployment rate
3.4%
2025
+0.3 pts since 2019
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, 2025. Annual average unemployment rate.
New homes permitted
224
2025
−35.6% since 2021
6.5 per 1,000 residents
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2025. Housing units authorized by building permits in the year.
Median household income
$87,407
2020–24
+28.7% since 2016–20
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–24. American Community Survey 5-year estimate.
Private-sector employment
4,315
2023
+6.5% since 2018
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023. Paid employees of private employers in mid-March (County Business Patterns).
What the numbers say
Net domestic migration added 753 people in 2025: more people moved in from other U.S. counties than moved out.
Private employers had 4,315 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +6.5% since 2018 (County Business Patterns).
Unemployment averaged 3.4% in 2025, 0.3 points higher than in 2019 (before the pandemic).
Builders were authorized to start 224 new homes in 2025, or 6.5 per 1,000 residents.
Median household income was $87,407 in the 2020–24 American Community Survey, +28.7% since 2016–20.
Across the 3,107 U.S. counties with a comparable estimate, its population growth ranks 147th.
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Email me when Caroline County gets new Census numbers: population, building permits, jobs and income. About 4 emails a year, one click to stop.
Caroline County population by year
| Year | Population | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 34,413 | +827 |
| 2024 | 33,586 | +841 |
| 2023 | 32,745 | +772 |
| 2022 | 31,973 | +561 |
| 2021 | 31,412 | +490 |
| 2020 | 30,922 | – |
Census Bureau population estimates, July 1 of each year.
What drove the change in Caroline County
Caroline County grew by 3,491 people since 2020; the largest part came from domestic migration (+3,111).
| Component | 2025 | 2020–25 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural changebirths minus deaths | +54 | +111 | |
| International migrationfrom and to other countries | +31 | +259 | |
| Domestic migrationfrom and to other U.S. counties | +753 | +3,111 | |
| Census adjustmentbalancing residual | −11 | +10 | |
| Total change | +827 | +3,491 |
Census Bureau population estimates, components of change, each year July 1 to June 30. The components add up to the change in the estimate; the Census adjustment is the small balancing figure the Bureau publishes.
How it ranks
| Measure | In Virginia | Among U.S. counties |
|---|---|---|
| Population growth | 4th of 133 | 147th of 3,107 |
| Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents | 6th of 133 | 98th of 3,108 |
| Private-sector job growth | 40th of 133 | 1,033rd of 3,092 |
| Median household income | 34th of 133 | 363rd of 3,107 |
| Lowest unemployment rate | 57th of 133 | 858th of 3,108 |
| New homes permitted per 1,000 residents | 20th of 132 | 403rd of 3,005 |
1st = highest (lowest for unemployment). Counties are ranked only against others with a figure for the same period.
Get the county report — $99
The County Growth and Demographics Report for Caroline County, VA as a PDF, from federal data: population and migration, housing and rents, permits, private employers and jobs, unemployment, ranks in the state and the country, and neighbouring counties, with a source next to every number. Pay once, no subscription.
Add 2 neighbouring counties for $50: the Stafford County and Spotsylvania County reports too, $149 for all 3.
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Neighbouring counties
Caroline County grew faster than all 7 of its neighbouring counties (+11.3%, 2020–25).
4 of its 7 neighbouring counties had a higher median household income than Caroline County's $87,407 (2020–24).
| County | Population2025 | Population change2020–25 | Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents2025 | Homes permitted per 1,000 residents2025 | Median household income2020–24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caroline County, VA This county | 34,413 | +11.3% | 21.9 | 6.5 | $87,407 |
| Hanover County, VA | 116,423 | +5.6% | 7.0 | 4.4 | $112,805 |
| King George County, VA | 29,646 | +10.5% | 22.4 | 3.1 | $116,884 |
| Spotsylvania County, VA | 155,388 | +10.5% | 14.2 | 4.4 | $112,738 |
| King William County, VA | 19,617 | +9.5% | 14.2 | 11.0 | $86,056 |
| Essex County, VA | 10,654 | +0.5% | 2.5 | 5.8 | $56,520 |
| Stafford County, VA | 170,803 | +8.3% | 4.2 | 2.6 | $137,807 |
| King and Queen County, VA | 6,743 | +2.4% | 8.9 | 5.3 | $70,469 |
Census Bureau population estimates and building permits, American Community Survey 5-year income. Rates per 1,000 residents. – means no figure, or a base too small for a change or rate (it would swing on a few people). A figure from another period shows its year and is left out of the comparison.
Questions
Is Caroline County growing?
Yes. Its population grew 11.3% between 2020 and 2025, about 3,491 more people (Census Bureau population estimates). Virginia as a whole changed +2.8% over the same years. That ranks 4th of 133 counties in Virginia for population growth.
How many people moved to Caroline County?
On net, about 753 people in 2025: that many more moved in from other U.S. counties than moved out (Census Bureau net domestic migration estimate).
What is the unemployment rate in Caroline County?
It averaged 3.4% in 2025 (BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics, annual average).
What is the population of Caroline County?
About 34,413 people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's population estimate for July 1, 2025.
How many jobs are in Caroline County?
Private employers there had 4,315 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +6.5% since 2018 (Census Bureau County Business Patterns; government jobs and the self-employed are not counted).
What Beacon CRE covers in Virginia
Map, parcel and listing layers cover North and South Carolina only for now. This page and the other Virginia county pages carry the public federal growth figures.
Caroline County data alerts
Email me when Caroline County gets new Census numbers: population, building permits, jobs and income. About 4 emails a year, one click to stop.
Sources and method
- U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey
- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates
- U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns
Each number shows its own period. Changes compare the latest period with five years earlier (or the earliest period available). Beacon CRE last refreshed these figures on 2026-11-05. Figures come from public federal statistics and are informational only, not investment advice. Check the source before relying on a number. Methodology: how we compute every number. More on every layer: data sources and licences.
Jobs outside North and South Carolina use County Business Patterns (paid private-sector employees in mid-March); wages and government jobs are not included.