Population
16,878
2025
−10.9% since 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. Resident population, July 1 estimate.
McDowell County, WV: population growth, jobs and income
McDowell County lost 308 residents between 2024 and 2025 (−1.8%).
McDowell County had an estimated 16,878 residents in 2025, down 10.9% (2,064 fewer people) since 2020. That is slower than West Virginia as a whole (−1.4%), and the 55th fastest growth of 55 counties in West Virginia.
Data as of 2025 · updated
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In the McDowell County report
One-time $99 PDF: everything on this page for McDowell County, ranked against West Virginia and the U.S., plus these figures that are not on the free page:
- Median gross rent$643/mo2020–24
- Vacant homes, incl. seasonal and second homes30.7%2020–24
- New homes permitted, last 12 months22025-10/2026-09
- Rent growth, 5 yearsIn the report
- Permits in 5+ unit buildingsIn the report
- IRS income moving in (net AGI)In the report
- Neighbouring-county comparison tableIn the report
What's inside: 5 pages
- 1 Summary, headline numbers and ranks (free preview)
- 2 Ranks and the neighbouring-county table
- 3 Migration, with IRS mover and income flows
- 4 Rent, vacant homes, permits and employers
- 5 Every source and the methods
Headline numbers
Net domestic migration
−111
2025
−6.6 per 1,000 residents
−976 in total, 2021–2025
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. People moving in from other U.S. counties minus people moving out.
Unemployment rate
9.9%
2025
−0.2 pts since 2019
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, 2025. Annual average unemployment rate.
New homes permitted
0
2025
0.0 per 1,000 residents
Small base: the change swings on a few homes or people, so we don't show it.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2025. Housing units authorized by building permits in the year.
Median household income
$31,559
2020–24
+21.0% since 2016–20
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–24. American Community Survey 5-year estimate.
Private-sector employment
2,253
2023
+26.6% since 2018
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023. Paid employees of private employers in mid-March (County Business Patterns).
What the numbers say
Net domestic migration was negative in 2025: 111 more people moved out to other U.S. counties than moved in.
Private employers had 2,253 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +26.6% since 2018 (County Business Patterns).
Unemployment averaged 9.9% in 2025, 0.2 points lower than in 2019 (before the pandemic).
Builders were authorized to start 0 new homes in 2025, or 0.0 per 1,000 residents.
Median household income was $31,559 in the 2020–24 American Community Survey, +21.0% since 2016–20.
Across the 3,107 U.S. counties with a comparable estimate, its population growth ranks 3,083rd.
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McDowell County population by year
| Year | Population | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 16,878 | −308 |
| 2024 | 17,186 | −260 |
| 2023 | 17,446 | −349 |
| 2022 | 17,795 | −626 |
| 2021 | 18,421 | −521 |
| 2020 | 18,942 | – |
Census Bureau population estimates, July 1 of each year.
What drove the change in McDowell County
McDowell County lost 2,064 people since 2020; the biggest drag was natural change (−1,146).
| Component | 2025 | 2020–25 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural changebirths minus deaths | −197 | −1,146 | |
| International migrationfrom and to other countries | +0 | +51 | |
| Domestic migrationfrom and to other U.S. counties | −111 | −976 | |
| Census adjustmentbalancing residual | +0 | +7 | |
| Total change | −308 | −2,064 |
Census Bureau population estimates, components of change, each year July 1 to June 30. The components add up to the change in the estimate; the Census adjustment is the small balancing figure the Bureau publishes.
How it ranks
| Measure | In West Virginia | Among U.S. counties |
|---|---|---|
| Population growth | 55th of 55 | 3,083rd of 3,107 |
| Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents | 52nd of 55 | 2,698th of 3,108 |
| Private-sector job growth | 2nd of 55 | 108th of 3,092 |
| Median household income | 55th of 55 | 3,099th of 3,107 |
| Lowest unemployment rate | 55th of 55 | 3,093rd of 3,108 |
| New homes permitted per 1,000 residents | 52nd of 54 | 2,772nd of 3,005 |
1st = highest (lowest for unemployment). Counties are ranked only against others with a figure for the same period.
Get the county report — $99
The County Growth and Demographics Report for McDowell County, WV as a PDF, from federal data: population and migration, housing and rents, permits, private employers and jobs, unemployment, ranks in the state and the country, and neighbouring counties, with a source next to every number. Pay once, no subscription.
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Neighbouring counties
McDowell County lost population faster than all 5 of its neighbouring counties (−10.9%, 2020–25).
Its median household income ($31,559, 2020–24) is lower than in all 5 of its neighbouring counties.
| County | Population2025 | Population change2020–25 | Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents2025 | Homes permitted per 1,000 residents2025 | Median household income2020–24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McDowell County, WV This county | 16,878 | −10.9% | −6.6 | 0.0 | $31,559 |
| Wyoming County, WV | 19,801 | −7.1% | −2.5 | 1.0 | $48,440 |
| Tazewell County, VA | 38,635 | −4.4% | 0.9 | 0.4 | $47,313 |
| Buchanan County, VA | 18,492 | −8.7% | −5.3 | 0.6 | $42,886 |
| Mercer County, WV | 57,503 | −3.4% | 6.3 | 0.1 | $53,210 |
| Mingo County, WV | 21,455 | −8.7% | −4.0 | 0.0 | $38,119 |
Census Bureau population estimates and building permits, American Community Survey 5-year income. Rates per 1,000 residents. – means no figure, or a base too small for a change or rate (it would swing on a few people). A figure from another period shows its year and is left out of the comparison.
Questions
Is McDowell County growing?
No. Its population fell 10.9% between 2020 and 2025, about 2,064 fewer people (Census Bureau population estimates). West Virginia as a whole changed −1.4% over the same years. That ranks 55th of 55 counties in West Virginia for population growth.
How many people moved to McDowell County?
On net, none in 2025: about 111 more people moved out to other U.S. counties than moved in (Census Bureau net domestic migration estimate).
What is the unemployment rate in McDowell County?
It averaged 9.9% in 2025 (BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics, annual average).
What is the population of McDowell County?
About 16,878 people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's population estimate for July 1, 2025.
How many jobs are in McDowell County?
Private employers there had 2,253 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +26.6% since 2018 (Census Bureau County Business Patterns; government jobs and the self-employed are not counted).
What Beacon CRE covers in West Virginia
Map, parcel and listing layers cover North and South Carolina only for now. This page and the other West Virginia county pages carry the public federal growth figures.
McDowell County data alerts
Email me when McDowell County gets new Census numbers: population, building permits, jobs and income. About 4 emails a year, one click to stop.
Sources and method
- U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey
- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates
- U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns
Each number shows its own period. Changes compare the latest period with five years earlier (or the earliest period available). Beacon CRE last refreshed these figures on 2026-11-05. Figures come from public federal statistics and are informational only, not investment advice. Check the source before relying on a number. Methodology: how we compute every number. More on every layer: data sources and licences.
Jobs outside North and South Carolina use County Business Patterns (paid private-sector employees in mid-March); wages and government jobs are not included.