Population
8,253
2025
−0.7% since 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. Resident population, July 1 estimate.
Rosebud County, MT: population growth, jobs and income
Rosebud County gained 35 residents between 2024 and 2025 (+0.4%).
Rosebud County had an estimated 8,253 residents in 2025, down 0.7% (56 fewer people) since 2020. That is slower than Montana as a whole (+5.3%), and the 39th fastest growth of 52 counties in Montana.
Data as of 2025 · updated
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In the Rosebud County report
One-time $99 PDF: everything on this page for Rosebud County, ranked against Montana and the U.S., plus these figures that are not on the free page:
- Median gross rent$672/mo2020–24
- Vacant homes, incl. seasonal and second homes18.8%2020–24
- New homes permitted, last 12 months12025-10/2026-09
- Rent growth, 5 yearsIn the report
- Permits in 5+ unit buildingsIn the report
- IRS income moving in (net AGI)In the report
- Neighbouring-county comparison tableIn the report
What's inside: 5 pages
- 1 Summary, headline numbers and ranks (free preview)
- 2 Ranks and the neighbouring-county table
- 3 Migration, with IRS mover and income flows
- 4 Rent, vacant homes, permits and employers
- 5 Every source and the methods
Headline numbers
Net domestic migration
−40
2025
−4.8 per 1,000 residents
−189 in total, 2021–2025
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. People moving in from other U.S. counties minus people moving out.
Unemployment rate
3.4%
2025
−1.5 pts since 2019
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, 2025. Annual average unemployment rate.
New homes permitted
2
2025
0.2 per 1,000 residents
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2025. Housing units authorized by building permits in the year.
Median household income
$49,914
2020–24
−13.6% since 2016–20
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–24. American Community Survey 5-year estimate.
Private-sector employment
2,214
2023
+0.0% since 2018
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023. Paid employees of private employers in mid-March (County Business Patterns).
What the numbers say
Net domestic migration was negative in 2025: 40 more people moved out to other U.S. counties than moved in.
Private employers had 2,214 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +0.0% since 2018 (County Business Patterns).
Unemployment averaged 3.4% in 2025, 1.5 points lower than in 2019 (before the pandemic).
Builders were authorized to start 2 new homes in 2025, or 0.2 per 1,000 residents.
Median household income was $49,914 in the 2020–24 American Community Survey, −13.6% since 2016–20.
Across the 3,107 U.S. counties with a comparable estimate, its population growth ranks 2,097th.
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Rosebud County population by year
| Year | Population | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 8,253 | +35 |
| 2024 | 8,218 | +106 |
| 2023 | 8,112 | +5 |
| 2022 | 8,107 | +31 |
| 2021 | 8,076 | −233 |
| 2020 | 8,309 | – |
Census Bureau population estimates, July 1 of each year.
What drove the change in Rosebud County
Rosebud County lost 56 people since 2020; the biggest drag was domestic migration (−189).
| Component | 2025 | 2020–25 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural changebirths minus deaths | +21 | +0 | |
| International migrationfrom and to other countries | +53 | +148 | |
| Domestic migrationfrom and to other U.S. counties | −40 | −189 | |
| Census adjustmentbalancing residual | +1 | −15 | |
| Total change | +35 | −56 |
Census Bureau population estimates, components of change, each year July 1 to June 30. The components add up to the change in the estimate; the Census adjustment is the small balancing figure the Bureau publishes.
How it ranks
| Measure | In Montana | Among U.S. counties |
|---|---|---|
| Population growth | 39th of 52 | 2,097th of 3,107 |
| Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents | 45th of 52 | 2,546th of 3,108 |
| Private-sector job growth | 37th of 52 | 1,863rd of 3,092 |
| Median household income | 49th of 52 | 2,746th of 3,107 |
| Lowest unemployment rate | 33rd of 52 | 814th of 3,108 |
| New homes permitted per 1,000 residents | 27th of 44 | 2,615th of 3,005 |
1st = highest (lowest for unemployment). Counties are ranked only against others with a figure for the same period.
Get the county report — $99
The County Growth and Demographics Report for Rosebud County, MT as a PDF, from federal data: population and migration, housing and rents, permits, private employers and jobs, unemployment, ranks in the state and the country, and neighbouring counties, with a source next to every number. Pay once, no subscription.
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Neighbouring counties
Over 2020–25, Rosebud County's population change (−0.7%) was ahead of 2 of its 6 neighbouring counties with a comparable figure and behind 4.
Its median household income ($49,914, 2020–24) is lower than in all 8 of its neighbouring counties.
| County | Population2025 | Population change2020–25 | Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents2025 | Homes permitted per 1,000 residents2025 | Median household income2020–24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rosebud County, MT This county | 8,253 | −0.7% | −4.8 | 0.2 | $49,914 |
| Treasure County, MT | 728 | – | – | – | $67,917 |
| Big Horn County, MT | 12,752 | −2.5% | −11.5 | 0.0 | $58,750 |
| Custer County, MT | 12,034 | +1.5% | 4.1 | 0.3 | $70,605 |
| Powder River County, MT | 1,781 | +5.1% | 9.5 | – | $67,045 |
| Garfield County, MT | 1,148 | −1.9% | −21.8 | 0.0 | $69,583 |
| Yellowstone County, MT | 172,692 | +4.5% | 5.0 | 5.8 | $76,570 |
| Musselshell County, MT | 5,582 | +17.6% | 25.8 | 1.3 | $58,920 |
| Petroleum County, MT | 548 | – | – | – | $60,208 |
Census Bureau population estimates and building permits, American Community Survey 5-year income. Rates per 1,000 residents. – means no figure, or a base too small for a change or rate (it would swing on a few people). A figure from another period shows its year and is left out of the comparison.
Questions
Is Rosebud County growing?
No. Its population fell 0.7% between 2020 and 2025, about 56 fewer people (Census Bureau population estimates). Montana as a whole changed +5.3% over the same years. That ranks 39th of 52 counties in Montana for population growth.
How many people moved to Rosebud County?
On net, none in 2025: about 40 more people moved out to other U.S. counties than moved in (Census Bureau net domestic migration estimate).
What is the unemployment rate in Rosebud County?
It averaged 3.4% in 2025 (BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics, annual average).
What is the population of Rosebud County?
About 8,253 people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's population estimate for July 1, 2025.
How many jobs are in Rosebud County?
Private employers there had 2,214 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +0.0% since 2018 (Census Bureau County Business Patterns; government jobs and the self-employed are not counted).
What Beacon CRE covers in Montana
Map, parcel and listing layers cover North and South Carolina only for now. This page and the other Montana county pages carry the public federal growth figures.
Rosebud County data alerts
Email me when Rosebud County gets new Census numbers: population, building permits, jobs and income. About 4 emails a year, one click to stop.
Sources and method
- U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey
- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates
- U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns
Each number shows its own period. Changes compare the latest period with five years earlier (or the earliest period available). Beacon CRE last refreshed these figures on 2026-11-05. Figures come from public federal statistics and are informational only, not investment advice. Check the source before relying on a number. Methodology: how we compute every number. More on every layer: data sources and licences.
Jobs outside North and South Carolina use County Business Patterns (paid private-sector employees in mid-March); wages and government jobs are not included.