Population
12,034
2025
+1.5% since 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. Resident population, July 1 estimate.
Custer County, MT: population growth, jobs and income
Custer County gained 57 residents between 2024 and 2025 (+0.5%).
Custer County had an estimated 12,034 residents in 2025, up 1.5% (174 more people) since 2020. That is slower than Montana as a whole (+5.3%), and the 32nd fastest growth of 52 counties in Montana.
Data as of 2025 · updated
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In the Custer County report
One-time $99 PDF: everything on this page for Custer County, ranked against Montana and the U.S., plus these figures that are not on the free page:
- Median gross rent$893/mo2020–24
- Vacant homes, incl. seasonal and second homes12.9%2020–24
- New homes permitted, last 12 months02025-10/2026-09
- Rent growth, 5 yearsIn the report
- Permits in 5+ unit buildingsIn the report
- IRS income moving in (net AGI)In the report
- Neighbouring-county comparison tableIn the report
What's inside: 5 pages
- 1 Summary, headline numbers and ranks (free preview)
- 2 Ranks and the neighbouring-county table
- 3 Migration, with IRS mover and income flows
- 4 Rent, vacant homes, permits and employers
- 5 Every source and the methods
Headline numbers
Net domestic migration
+49
2025
4.1 per 1,000 residents
+267 in total, 2021–2025
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. People moving in from other U.S. counties minus people moving out.
Unemployment rate
2.8%
2025
+0.0 pts since 2019
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, 2025. Annual average unemployment rate.
New homes permitted
4
2025
0.3 per 1,000 residents
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2025. Housing units authorized by building permits in the year.
Median household income
$70,605
2020–24
+28.6% since 2016–20
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–24. American Community Survey 5-year estimate.
Private-sector employment
4,264
2023
+8.9% since 2018
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023. Paid employees of private employers in mid-March (County Business Patterns).
What the numbers say
Net domestic migration added 49 people in 2025: more people moved in from other U.S. counties than moved out.
Private employers had 4,264 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +8.9% since 2018 (County Business Patterns).
Unemployment averaged 2.8% in 2025.
Builders were authorized to start 4 new homes in 2025, or 0.3 per 1,000 residents.
Median household income was $70,605 in the 2020–24 American Community Survey, +28.6% since 2016–20.
Across the 3,107 U.S. counties with a comparable estimate, its population growth ranks 1,437th.
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Email me when Custer County gets new Census numbers: population, building permits, jobs and income. About 4 emails a year, one click to stop.
Custer County population by year
| Year | Population | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 12,034 | +57 |
| 2024 | 11,977 | −26 |
| 2023 | 12,003 | +6 |
| 2022 | 11,997 | +37 |
| 2021 | 11,960 | +100 |
| 2020 | 11,860 | – |
Census Bureau population estimates, July 1 of each year.
What drove the change in Custer County
Custer County grew by 174 people since 2020; the largest part came from domestic migration (+267).
| Component | 2025 | 2020–25 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural changebirths minus deaths | +4 | −102 | |
| International migrationfrom and to other countries | +4 | +11 | |
| Domestic migrationfrom and to other U.S. counties | +49 | +267 | |
| Census adjustmentbalancing residual | +0 | −2 | |
| Total change | +57 | +174 |
Census Bureau population estimates, components of change, each year July 1 to June 30. The components add up to the change in the estimate; the Census adjustment is the small balancing figure the Bureau publishes.
How it ranks
| Measure | In Montana | Among U.S. counties |
|---|---|---|
| Population growth | 32nd of 52 | 1,437th of 3,107 |
| Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents | 27th of 52 | 1,206th of 3,108 |
| Private-sector job growth | 18th of 52 | 784th of 3,092 |
| Median household income | 17th of 52 | 1,146th of 3,107 |
| Lowest unemployment rate | 13th of 52 | 248th of 3,108 |
| New homes permitted per 1,000 residents | 25th of 44 | 2,548th of 3,005 |
1st = highest (lowest for unemployment). Counties are ranked only against others with a figure for the same period.
Get the county report — $99
The County Growth and Demographics Report for Custer County, MT as a PDF, from federal data: population and migration, housing and rents, permits, private employers and jobs, unemployment, ranks in the state and the country, and neighbouring counties, with a source next to every number. Pay once, no subscription.
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Neighbouring counties
Over 2020–25, Custer County's population change (+1.5%) was ahead of 4 of its 6 neighbouring counties and behind 2 (Prairie County and Powder River County).
Only Fallon County had a higher median household income (2020–24) among its 6 neighbouring counties; Custer County's was $70,605.
| County | Population2025 | Population change2020–25 | Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents2025 | Homes permitted per 1,000 residents2025 | Median household income2020–24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Custer County, MT This county | 12,034 | +1.5% | 4.1 | 0.3 | $70,605 |
| Prairie County, MT | 1,112 | +1.6% | 9.0 | – | $51,250 |
| Powder River County, MT | 1,781 | +5.1% | 9.5 | – | $67,045 |
| Fallon County, MT | 2,959 | −2.3% | −5.1 | 1.4 | $76,250 |
| Rosebud County, MT | 8,253 | −0.7% | −4.8 | 0.2 | $49,914 |
| Carter County, MT | 1,383 | −1.6% | −26.8 | 3.6 | $54,167 |
| Garfield County, MT | 1,148 | −1.9% | −21.8 | 0.0 | $69,583 |
Census Bureau population estimates and building permits, American Community Survey 5-year income. Rates per 1,000 residents. – means no figure, or a base too small for a change or rate (it would swing on a few people). A figure from another period shows its year and is left out of the comparison.
Questions
Is Custer County growing?
Yes. Its population grew 1.5% between 2020 and 2025, about 174 more people (Census Bureau population estimates). Montana as a whole changed +5.3% over the same years. That ranks 32nd of 52 counties in Montana for population growth.
How many people moved to Custer County?
On net, about 49 people in 2025: that many more moved in from other U.S. counties than moved out (Census Bureau net domestic migration estimate).
What is the unemployment rate in Custer County?
It averaged 2.8% in 2025 (BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics, annual average).
What is the population of Custer County?
About 12,034 people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's population estimate for July 1, 2025.
How many jobs are in Custer County?
Private employers there had 4,264 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +8.9% since 2018 (Census Bureau County Business Patterns; government jobs and the self-employed are not counted).
What Beacon CRE covers in Montana
Map, parcel and listing layers cover North and South Carolina only for now. This page and the other Montana county pages carry the public federal growth figures.
Custer County data alerts
Email me when Custer County gets new Census numbers: population, building permits, jobs and income. About 4 emails a year, one click to stop.
Sources and method
- U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey
- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates
- U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns
Each number shows its own period. Changes compare the latest period with five years earlier (or the earliest period available). Beacon CRE last refreshed these figures on 2026-11-05. Figures come from public federal statistics and are informational only, not investment advice. Check the source before relying on a number. Methodology: how we compute every number. More on every layer: data sources and licences.
Jobs outside North and South Carolina use County Business Patterns (paid private-sector employees in mid-March); wages and government jobs are not included.