Population
45,850
2025
−1.9% since 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. Resident population, July 1 estimate.
Cortland County, NY: population growth, jobs and income
Cortland County lost 212 residents between 2024 and 2025 (−0.5%).
Cortland County had an estimated 45,850 residents in 2025, down 1.9% (895 fewer people) since 2020. That is slower than New York as a whole (−0.6%), and the 47th fastest growth of 62 counties in New York.
Data as of 2025 · updated
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In the Cortland County report
One-time $99 PDF: everything on this page for Cortland County, ranked against New York and the U.S., plus these figures that are not on the free page:
- Median gross rent$984/mo2020–24
- Vacant homes, incl. seasonal and second homes8.8%2020–24
- New homes permitted, last 12 months1012025-10/2026-09
- Rent growth, 5 yearsIn the report
- Permits in 5+ unit buildingsIn the report
- IRS income moving in (net AGI)In the report
- Neighbouring-county comparison tableIn the report
What's inside: 5 pages
- 1 Summary, headline numbers and ranks (free preview)
- 2 Ranks and the neighbouring-county table
- 3 Migration, with IRS mover and income flows
- 4 Rent, vacant homes, permits and employers
- 5 Every source and the methods
Headline numbers
Net domestic migration
−194
2025
−4.2 per 1,000 residents
−691 in total, 2021–2025
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. People moving in from other U.S. counties minus people moving out.
Unemployment rate
4.3%
2025
−0.2 pts since 2019
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, 2025. Annual average unemployment rate.
New homes permitted
37
2025
−14.0% since 2021
0.8 per 1,000 residents
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2025. Housing units authorized by building permits in the year.
Median household income
$70,418
2020–24
+19.0% since 2016–20
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–24. American Community Survey 5-year estimate.
Private-sector employment
14,353
2023
−6.6% since 2018
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023. Paid employees of private employers in mid-March (County Business Patterns).
What the numbers say
Net domestic migration was negative in 2025: 194 more people moved out to other U.S. counties than moved in.
Private employers had 14,353 paid employees in mid-March 2023, −6.6% since 2018 (County Business Patterns).
Unemployment averaged 4.3% in 2025, 0.2 points lower than in 2019 (before the pandemic).
Builders were authorized to start 37 new homes in 2025, or 0.8 per 1,000 residents.
Median household income was $70,418 in the 2020–24 American Community Survey, +19.0% since 2016–20.
Across the 3,107 U.S. counties with a comparable estimate, its population growth ranks 2,441st.
Part of the Cortland, NY micro area.
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Cortland County population by year
| Year | Population | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 45,850 | −212 |
| 2024 | 46,062 | +58 |
| 2023 | 46,004 | −124 |
| 2022 | 46,128 | −360 |
| 2021 | 46,488 | −257 |
| 2020 | 46,745 | – |
Census Bureau population estimates, July 1 of each year.
What drove the change in Cortland County
Cortland County lost 895 people since 2020; the biggest drag was domestic migration (−691).
| Component | 2025 | 2020–25 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural changebirths minus deaths | −22 | −300 | |
| International migrationfrom and to other countries | +4 | +92 | |
| Domestic migrationfrom and to other U.S. counties | −194 | −691 | |
| Census adjustmentbalancing residual | +0 | +4 | |
| Total change | −212 | −895 |
Census Bureau population estimates, components of change, each year July 1 to June 30. The components add up to the change in the estimate; the Census adjustment is the small balancing figure the Bureau publishes.
How it ranks
| Measure | In New York | Among U.S. counties |
|---|---|---|
| Population growth | 47th of 62 | 2,441st of 3,107 |
| Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents | 48th of 62 | 2,482nd of 3,108 |
| Private-sector job growth | 54th of 62 | 2,617th of 3,092 |
| Median household income | 34th of 62 | 1,157th of 3,107 |
| Lowest unemployment rate | 48th of 62 | 1,926th of 3,108 |
| New homes permitted per 1,000 residents | 59th of 62 | 2,213th of 3,005 |
1st = highest (lowest for unemployment). Counties are ranked only against others with a figure for the same period.
Get the county report — $99
The County Growth and Demographics Report for Cortland County, NY as a PDF, from federal data: population and migration, housing and rents, permits, private employers and jobs, unemployment, ranks in the state and the country, and neighbouring counties, with a source next to every number. Pay once, no subscription.
Add 2 neighbouring counties for $50: the Onondaga County and Broome County reports too, $149 for all 3.
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Neighbouring counties
Over 2020–25, Cortland County's population change (−1.9%) was ahead of 2 of its 7 neighbouring counties, behind 3 and level with Onondaga County and Tioga County.
4 of its 7 neighbouring counties had a higher median household income than Cortland County's $70,418 (2020–24).
| County | Population2025 | Population change2020–25 | Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents2025 | Homes permitted per 1,000 residents2025 | Median household income2020–24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cortland County, NY This county | 45,850 | −1.9% | −4.2 | 0.8 | $70,418 |
| Tompkins County, NY | 104,047 | −1.4% | −9.6 | 4.5 | $74,024 |
| Onondaga County, NY | 466,584 | −1.9% | −6.2 | 3.6 | $76,945 |
| Broome County, NY | 195,736 | −1.2% | −0.7 | 1.6 | $62,616 |
| Chenango County, NY | 45,715 | −2.9% | 2.7 | 1.2 | $62,948 |
| Tioga County, NY | 47,453 | −1.9% | 0.7 | 3.2 | $72,739 |
| Madison County, NY | 67,120 | −1.2% | −0.1 | 2.8 | $75,499 |
| Cayuga County, NY | 74,365 | −2.3% | −2.6 | 1.5 | $67,904 |
Census Bureau population estimates and building permits, American Community Survey 5-year income. Rates per 1,000 residents. – means no figure, or a base too small for a change or rate (it would swing on a few people). A figure from another period shows its year and is left out of the comparison.
Questions
Is Cortland County growing?
No. Its population fell 1.9% between 2020 and 2025, about 895 fewer people (Census Bureau population estimates). New York as a whole changed −0.6% over the same years. That ranks 47th of 62 counties in New York for population growth.
How many people moved to Cortland County?
On net, none in 2025: about 194 more people moved out to other U.S. counties than moved in (Census Bureau net domestic migration estimate).
What is the unemployment rate in Cortland County?
It averaged 4.3% in 2025 (BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics, annual average).
What is the population of Cortland County?
About 45,850 people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's population estimate for July 1, 2025.
How many jobs are in Cortland County?
Private employers there had 14,353 paid employees in mid-March 2023, −6.6% since 2018 (Census Bureau County Business Patterns; government jobs and the self-employed are not counted).
What Beacon CRE covers in New York
Map, parcel and listing layers cover North and South Carolina only for now. This page and the other New York county pages carry the public federal growth figures.
Cortland County data alerts
Email me when Cortland County gets new Census numbers: population, building permits, jobs and income. About 4 emails a year, one click to stop.
Sources and method
- U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey
- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates
- U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns
Each number shows its own period. Changes compare the latest period with five years earlier (or the earliest period available). Beacon CRE last refreshed these figures on 2026-11-05. Figures come from public federal statistics and are informational only, not investment advice. Check the source before relying on a number. Methodology: how we compute every number. More on every layer: data sources and licences.
Jobs outside North and South Carolina use County Business Patterns (paid private-sector employees in mid-March); wages and government jobs are not included.