Population
417,669
2025
+4.2% since 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. Resident population, July 1 estimate.
Orange County, NY: population growth, jobs and income
Orange County gained 2,581 residents between 2024 and 2025 (+0.6%).
Orange County had an estimated 417,669 residents in 2025, up 4.2% (16,696 more people) since 2020. That is faster than New York as a whole (−0.6%), and the 2nd fastest growth of 62 counties in New York.
Data as of 2025 · updated
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In the Orange County report
One-time $99 PDF: everything on this page for Orange County, ranked against New York and the U.S., plus these figures that are not on the free page:
- Median gross rent$1,680/mo2020–24
- Vacant homes, incl. seasonal and second homes7.4%2020–24
- New homes permitted, last 12 months1,6162025-10/2026-09
- Rent growth, 5 yearsIn the report
- Permits in 5+ unit buildingsIn the report
- IRS income moving in (net AGI)In the report
- Neighbouring-county comparison tableIn the report
What's inside: 5 pages
- 1 Summary, headline numbers and ranks (free preview)
- 2 Ranks and the neighbouring-county table
- 3 Migration, with IRS mover and income flows
- 4 Rent, vacant homes, permits and employers
- 5 Every source and the methods
Headline numbers
Net domestic migration
−1,410
2025
−3.4 per 1,000 residents
−6,341 in total, 2021–2025
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025), 2025. People moving in from other U.S. counties minus people moving out.
Unemployment rate
3.9%
2025
+0.0 pts since 2019
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, 2025. Annual average unemployment rate.
New homes permitted
1,668
2025
−5.2% since 2021
4.0 per 1,000 residents
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2025. Housing units authorized by building permits in the year.
Median household income
$97,178
2020–24
+20.2% since 2016–20
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–24. American Community Survey 5-year estimate.
Private-sector employment
129,093
2023
+7.0% since 2018
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023. Paid employees of private employers in mid-March (County Business Patterns).
What the numbers say
Net domestic migration was negative in 2025: 1,410 more people moved out to other U.S. counties than moved in.
Private employers had 129,093 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +7.0% since 2018 (County Business Patterns).
Unemployment averaged 3.9% in 2025.
Builders were authorized to start 1,668 new homes in 2025, or 4.0 per 1,000 residents.
Median household income was $97,178 in the 2020–24 American Community Survey, +20.2% since 2016–20.
Across the 3,107 U.S. counties with a comparable estimate, its population growth ranks 747th.
Part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh, NY metro area.
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Orange County population by year
| Year | Population | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 417,669 | +2,581 |
| 2024 | 415,088 | +4,909 |
| 2023 | 410,179 | +2,865 |
| 2022 | 407,314 | +2,181 |
| 2021 | 405,133 | +4,160 |
| 2020 | 400,973 | – |
Census Bureau population estimates, July 1 of each year.
What drove the change in Orange County
Orange County grew by 16,696 people since 2020 even though 6,341 more residents moved to other U.S. counties than came from them: births outnumbered deaths by 12,755, and net international migration added 9,971.
| Component | 2025 | 2020–25 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural changebirths minus deaths | +2,817 | +12,755 | |
| International migrationfrom and to other countries | +1,150 | +9,971 | |
| Domestic migrationfrom and to other U.S. counties | −1,410 | −6,341 | |
| Census adjustmentbalancing residual | +24 | +311 | |
| Total change | +2,581 | +16,696 |
Census Bureau population estimates, components of change, each year July 1 to June 30. The components add up to the change in the estimate; the Census adjustment is the small balancing figure the Bureau publishes.
How it ranks
| Measure | In New York | Among U.S. counties |
|---|---|---|
| Population growth | 2nd of 62 | 747th of 3,107 |
| Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents | 45th of 62 | 2,392nd of 3,108 |
| Private-sector job growth | 8th of 62 | 974th of 3,092 |
| Median household income | 10th of 62 | 197th of 3,107 |
| Lowest unemployment rate | 34th of 62 | 1,459th of 3,108 |
| New homes permitted per 1,000 residents | 9th of 62 | 829th of 3,005 |
1st = highest (lowest for unemployment). Counties are ranked only against others with a figure for the same period.
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The County Growth and Demographics Report for Orange County, NY as a PDF, from federal data: population and migration, housing and rents, permits, private employers and jobs, unemployment, ranks in the state and the country, and neighbouring counties, with a source next to every number. Pay once, no subscription.
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Neighbouring counties
Over 2020–25, Orange County's population change (+4.2%) was ahead of 6 of its 8 neighbouring counties and behind 2 (Rockland County and Pike County, PA).
4 of its 8 neighbouring counties had a higher median household income than Orange County's $97,178 (2020–24).
| County | Population2025 | Population change2020–25 | Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents2025 | Homes permitted per 1,000 residents2025 | Median household income2020–24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orange County, NY This county | 417,669 | +4.2% | −3.4 | 4.0 | $97,178 |
| Rockland County, NY | 357,397 | +5.9% | −11.0 | 1.2 | $109,959 |
| Passaic County, NJ | 531,624 | +1.6% | −11.3 | 1.1 | $87,522 |
| Sussex County, NJ | 148,063 | +2.9% | 2.8 | 0.6 | $116,186 |
| Ulster County, NY | 183,330 | +1.1% | 1.6 | 2.4 | $86,271 |
| Sullivan County, NY | 80,586 | +2.7% | −9.3 | 7.0 | $72,382 |
| Putnam County, NY | 99,028 | +1.4% | −1.2 | 0.7 | $126,257 |
| Dutchess County, NY | 300,708 | +1.5% | 2.6 | 1.8 | $99,478 |
| Pike County, PA | 62,808 | +7.2% | 11.8 | 2.7 | $81,323 |
Census Bureau population estimates and building permits, American Community Survey 5-year income. Rates per 1,000 residents. – means no figure, or a base too small for a change or rate (it would swing on a few people). A figure from another period shows its year and is left out of the comparison.
Questions
Is Orange County growing?
Yes. Its population grew 4.2% between 2020 and 2025, about 16,696 more people (Census Bureau population estimates). New York as a whole changed −0.6% over the same years. That ranks 2nd of 62 counties in New York for population growth.
How many people moved to Orange County?
On net, none in 2025: about 1,410 more people moved out to other U.S. counties than moved in (Census Bureau net domestic migration estimate).
What is the unemployment rate in Orange County?
It averaged 3.9% in 2025 (BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics, annual average).
What is the population of Orange County?
About 417,669 people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's population estimate for July 1, 2025.
How many jobs are in Orange County?
Private employers there had 129,093 paid employees in mid-March 2023, +7.0% since 2018 (Census Bureau County Business Patterns; government jobs and the self-employed are not counted).
What Beacon CRE covers in New York
Map, parcel and listing layers cover North and South Carolina only for now. This page and the other New York county pages carry the public federal growth figures.
Orange County data alerts
Email me when Orange County gets new Census numbers: population, building permits, jobs and income. About 4 emails a year, one click to stop.
Sources and method
- U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (Vintage 2025)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey
- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates
- U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns
Each number shows its own period. Changes compare the latest period with five years earlier (or the earliest period available). Beacon CRE last refreshed these figures on 2026-11-05. Figures come from public federal statistics and are informational only, not investment advice. Check the source before relying on a number. Methodology: how we compute every number. More on every layer: data sources and licences.
Jobs outside North and South Carolina use County Business Patterns (paid private-sector employees in mid-March); wages and government jobs are not included.